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Kennedy Autopsy at Bethesda

The post-mortem examination and later medical controversy. This page combines historical context with 62 matching records drawn directly from the Kennedy Assassination History archive.

62 matching archive records 1963–1993 record span Open the full 1,932-record archive

Historical context

Kennedy Autopsy at Bethesda: overview and significance

What happened?

President Kennedy's body was flown from Dallas to Washington, where a post-mortem examination was conducted at Bethesda Naval Hospital. The autopsy documented gunshot wounds and became central to official ballistic reconstruction.

Why was it important?

Differences between observations at Parkland, autopsy documentation, photographs, X-rays and later witness recollections became a major focus of medical and forensic controversy in subsequent investigations.

Archive records

Kennedy Autopsy at Bethesda timeline

The records below are selected from the 1,932-record JFK assassination archive and are rendered as static HTML in chronological order.

1963
1963 21st November

Autopsy

George Gregory Burkley · Dallas · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · Dr

Dr. Burkley observes both the head wound and a wound to the back of the President, and determines the head wound was the cause of death..

1963 22nd November

Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda Naval Hospital · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · President of USA

After Air Force One lands at Andrews Air Force Base, just outside Washington, D.C., Kennedys body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an immediate autopsy..

1963 22nd November

Autopsy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda Naval Hospital · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · President of USA

After Air Force One lands at Andrews Air Force Base, just outside Washington, D.C., Kennedys body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an immediate autopsy..

1963 22nd November

Autopsy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Parkland Hospital · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · President of USA

The body is removed before a forensic examination can be conducted by the Dallas County coroner, which violated Texas state law (the murder was a state crime, and occurred under Texas legal jurisdiction)..

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Autopsy Assistance

J. Thornton Boswell · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Commander J. Thornton Boswell assisted Humes and Finck during President Kennedy's autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Autopsy Completion

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The autopsy of President Kennedy was concluded at approximately 11 p.m. at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Autopsy Hospital Selection

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Jacqueline Kennedy chose the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda for the autopsy because President Kennedy had served in the Navy.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Autopsy Photography

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Photographs of President Kennedy were taken at Bethesda as part of the preliminary autopsy documentation.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Burial Preparation Begins

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

After the autopsy ended, President Kennedy's body was prepared for burial at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Casket Arrival

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

President Kennedy's body arrived at Bethesda Naval Hospital for autopsy at approximately 7:35 p.m.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Chief Autopsy Surgeon

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Commander James J. Humes served as chief autopsy surgeon during the examination of President Kennedy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Chief of Pathology Role

J. Thornton Boswell · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Boswell was chief of pathology at Bethesda Naval Hospital when he participated in President Kennedy's autopsy.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Cranial Fragments Recovered

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Two small irregular metallic fragments were recovered from Kennedy's head during the Bethesda autopsy and transferred to the FBI.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Cranial Metal Fragment Pattern

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

X-rays showed numerous tiny metal fragments extending from the rear head wound toward the front of Kennedy's skull.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Downward Neck Trajectory

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Humes and the other pathologists traced the neck missile along a slight downward path toward the front of Kennedy's throat.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Escort from Andrews

Robert Francis Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Attorney General Robert Kennedy accompanied his brother's body from Andrews Air Force Base to Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Family Waiting Area

Robert Francis Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Robert Kennedy joined other members of the Kennedy family on the seventeenth floor while the autopsy was conducted.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Four Hundred Case Comparison

Pierre A. Finck · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Finck applied experience derived from more than 400 wound cases when evaluating the perforating missile damage to Kennedy's skull.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Fragment Above Right Eye

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The Bethesda X-rays showed a sizable metallic fragment positioned above President Kennedy's right eye.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Head Exit Assessment

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Humes concluded that the large defect on the upper right side of Kennedy's skull represented a wound of exit.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Intermuscular Bullet Track

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The autopsy found that the neck bullet passed between two large muscles without leaving a permanent channel through either muscle.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Laboratory Director Role

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

At the time of the autopsy, Humes was senior pathologist and director of laboratories at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Lodged Bullet Theory Rejected

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Further examination led Humes and the Bethesda team to reject the idea that a bullet had lodged in Kennedy's back and later fallen out.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Naval Hospital Journey

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied the President's remains to Bethesda Naval Hospital after returning from Dallas.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Neck Entrance Assessment

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Humes agreed that the small, clean-edged wound near the back of Kennedy's neck had the characteristics of an entrance wound.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Neck Entrance Conclusion

Pierre A. Finck · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Finck concluded that the small clean-edged wound at the back of Kennedy's neck was a long-range entrance wound.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Neck Track Misses Bone

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The Bethesda pathologists found that the bullet passing through Kennedy's neck did not strike any bone.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Neck Wound Measurements

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The posterior neck wound measured approximately seven by four millimeters and had clean, sharply defined edges.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Pathological Cause of Death

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The Bethesda autopsy report listed the pathological cause of President Kennedy's death as a gunshot wound to the head.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Pathological Examination Begins

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The pathological examination of President Kennedy began at Bethesda at about 8 p.m. on November 22.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Physical Measurements

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The autopsy report recorded Kennedy as 46 years old, 72.5 inches tall, approximately 170 pounds, with blue eyes and reddish-brown hair.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Pleural Contusion

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The neck bullet produced a contusion on the upper part of Kennedy's pleural cavity without penetrating that cavity.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Posterior Neck Entrance Agreement

J. Thornton Boswell · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Boswell agreed with the other pathologists that the small posterior neck wound was a missile entrance wound.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Posterior Neck Wound

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The autopsy revealed another bullet wound near the base of Kennedy's neck, slightly to the right of his spine.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Posterior Skull Entrance

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The autopsy identified a small wound in the rear of Kennedy's skull as a bullet entrance wound.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Posterior Skull Entry Conclusion

J. Thornton Boswell · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Boswell agreed that the bullet penetrated the rear of Kennedy's head before passing through the skull.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Preliminary X-Rays

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Preliminary X-rays of President Kennedy were taken at Bethesda before the pathological examination began.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Rear and Above Trajectory

Pierre A. Finck · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Finck concluded from the cranial wound characteristics that Kennedy had been struck by a bullet fired from above and behind.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Right Lung Apex Bruising

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The Bethesda examination found bruising at the top portion of President Kennedy's right lung along the neck bullet's path.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Right Skull Exit Defect

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The pathologists identified the large defect on the upper right side of Kennedy's skull as the head bullet's exit area.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Right-Side Skull Exit Conclusion

J. Thornton Boswell · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Boswell joined Humes in concluding that the head missile exited through the large defect on the right side of the skull.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Secret Service Protection

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Secret Service agents guarded Jacqueline Kennedy in quarters assigned to her at Bethesda while the autopsy proceeded.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Seventeenth Floor Vigil

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Jacqueline Kennedy waited with members of the Kennedy family on the hospital's seventeenth floor while the autopsy was performed.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Skull Beveling Analysis

Pierre A. Finck · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Finck examined the skull's beveling pattern to distinguish the bullet's entrance from its exit.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Skull Beveling Assessment

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Humes used the beveling of the skull wound to support the conclusion that the smaller posterior defect was an entrance wound.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Skull Fragment Reconstruction

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Recovered skull fragments were fitted together during the Bethesda examination, accounting for much of the missing portion of Kennedy's skull.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Soft Tissue Track Finding

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Humes determined that the neck missile passed mainly through soft tissue rather than through bone as it crossed Kennedy's neck.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Tracheal Injury

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The examining pathologists concluded that the neck bullet damaged Kennedy's trachea as it passed through his neck.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Tracheotomy Obscures Exit

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

The front neck wound could not be directly examined because the Parkland tracheotomy incision had removed visible evidence of that wound.

1963 22nd November

Bethesda Wound Ballistics Consultation

Pierre A. Finck · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Lieutenant Colonel Pierre A. Finck participated in the Bethesda autopsy as the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology's wound-ballistics specialist.

1963 23rd November

Bethesda Burial Preparation Completed

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Preparation of President Kennedy's body for burial was completed at approximately 4 a.m. on November 23.

1963 23rd November

Bethesda Departure for White House

John Fitzgerald Kennedy · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

After the burial preparation was completed, President Kennedy's body left Bethesda for the White House East Room.

1963 23rd November

Bethesda Malcolm Perry Telephone Call

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Early on November 23, Humes telephoned Dr. Malcolm Perry and learned that Perry had used the existing throat wound for the tracheotomy incision.

1963 23rd November

Bethesda Parkland Tracheotomy Inquiry

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Humes sought confirmation from Parkland Hospital that a tracheotomy had been performed through the wound on the front of Kennedy's neck.

1963 23rd November

Bethesda Throat Exit Confirmation

James J. Humes · Bethesda · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Perry's information confirmed Humes's conclusion that the neck bullet had exited through the front of Kennedy's throat.

1963 23rd November

Return to White House

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy · Washington · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

After the overnight medical examination at Bethesda, Mrs. Kennedy returned to the White House as preparations for the state funeral continued.

1964
1964 March

Autopsy Evidence Review

Earl Warren · Washington · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Warren's commission reviewed the autopsy findings, Parkland Hospital evidence, medical testimony, and related material concerning President Kennedy's wounds.

1964

Autopsy Evidence

J Thornton Boswell · Washington · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · Pathologist

J Thornton Boswell provides medical testimony concerning the autopsy findings used by the Warren Commission.

1964

Autopsy Evidence

Pierre A Finck · Washington · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · Military Doctor

Pierre A Finck testifies about his participation in the autopsy of President Kennedy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

1964

Autopsy Evidence

James Joseph Humes · Washington · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · Pathologist

Gives medical evidence concerning President Kennedy's autopsy and the wounds considered by the Commission.

1977
1977

Medical Evidence Review

HSCA Panel · Washington · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF · Forensic Panel

HSCA Panel reviews autopsy, photographic and radiological evidence from the Kennedy case.

1993
1993

Autopsy

Randy Robertson · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Randy Robertson claims to have found, in the x-rays of Kennedys skull, evidence of 2 bullet hits to Kennedys head.

Editorial provenance

Sources and editorial review

Compiled and edited by Kennedy Assassination History.

Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from the site's structured JFK assassination records.

Last reviewed: September 2026.

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